11 _? Pedee (extinct)_
A. Pedee (meaning unknown).
B. Waccamaw (meaning unknown).
C. Winyaw (meaning unknown).
D. Hooks and Backhooks(?).
The definition of the first six of these divisions is based on extended
researches among the tribes and in the literature representing the work of
earlier observers, and may be regarded as satisfactory. In some cases,
notably the Dakota confederacy, the constitution of t
satisfactory, though in others, including the Asiniboin, Mandan, and
Winnebago, the tabulation represents little more than superficial
enumeration of villages and bands, generally by observers possessing
little knowledge of Indian sociology or language. So far as the survivors
of the Biloxi are concerned the classification is satisfactory; but there
is doubt concerning the former limits of the division, and also concerning
the relations of the extinct tribes referred to on slender, yet the best
available, evidence. The classification of the extinct and nearly extinct
Siouan Indians of the east is much less satisfactory. In several cases
languages are utterly lost, and in others a few doubtful terms alone
remain. In these cases affinity is inferred in part from geographic
relation, but chiefly from the recorded federation of tribes and union of
remnants as the aboriginal population faded under the light of brighter
intelligence; and in all such instances it has been assumed that
federation and union grew out of that conformity in mode of thought which
is characteristic of peoples speaking identical or closely related
tongues. Accordingly, while the grouping of eastern tribes rests in part
on meager testimony and is open to question at many points, it is perhaps
the best that can be devised, and suffices for convenience of statement if
not as a final classification. So far as practicable the names adopted for
the tribes, confederacies, and other groups are those in common use, the
aboriginal designations, when distinct, being added in those cases in
which they are known.
The present population of the Siouan stock is probably between 40,000 and
45,000, including 2,000 or more (mainly Asiniboin) in Canada.
More
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5 _mandan_
Mandan (their own name is questionable; Catlin says they called themselves See-pohs-kah-nu-mah-kah-kee, People of the pheasants;(13) Prince Maximilian says they called themselves Numangkake, Men, adding usually the name of their village, and that an... 8 _monakan_
Monakan confederacy. A. Monakan (Country [people of?]), ? extinct. B. Meipontsky (meaning unknown), extinct. C. ?Mahoc (meaning unknown), extinct. D. Nuntaneuck or Nuntaly (meaning unknown), extinct. E. Mohetan (People of the eart... 4 _winnebago_
Winnebago (Algonquian designation, meaning Turbid water people?) or Ho-tcan-ga-ra (People of the parent speech), mostly on Winnebago reservation in Nebraska, some in Wisconsin, and a few in Michigan; composition never definitely ascertained; compris... 10 _sara (extinct)_
A. Sara (Tall grass). B. Keyauwi (meaning unknown). ... 1 _dakota-asiniboin_
Dakota (Friendly) or Ot´-ce-ti ca-ko-win (Seven council-fires) confederacy, comprising-- A. Santee, including Mde-wa-kan´-ton-wan (Spirit Lake village) and Wa-qpe´-ku-te (Shoot among deciduous trees), mostly located in Knox coun... 11 _? Pedee (extinct)_
A. Pedee (meaning unknown). B. Waccamaw (meaning unknown). C. Winyaw (meaning unknown). D. Hooks and Backhooks(?). The definition of the first six of these divisions is based on extended researches among the tribes and in the literat... 9 _catawba Or Ni-ya (people)_
A. Catawba (meaning unknown; they called themselves Ni-ya, Men in the comprehensive sense), nearly extinct. B. Woccon (meaning unknown), extinct. C. ? Sissipahaw (meaning unknown), extinct. D. ? Cape Fear (proper name unknown), ex... 3 _{~latin Small Letter Turned T~}{~latin Small Letter Open O~}iwe´re_ (_people Of This Place_)
A. Iowa or Pa-qo-tce (Dusty-heads), chiefly on Great Nemaha reservation, Kansas and Nebraska, partly on Sac and Fox reservation, Indian Territory. B. Oto or Wa-to´-ta (Aphrodisian), on Otoe reservation, Indian Terr... 2 _cegiha_ (_people Dwelling Here_)(9)
A. Omaha or U-man-han (Upstream people), located on Omaha reservation, Nebraska, comprising in 1819 (according to James)(10)-- a. Honga-sha-no tribe, including-- 1. Wase-ish-ta band. 2. Enk-ka-sa-... Alphabet
a, as in father. 'a, an initially exploded a. a, as in what, or as o in not. 'a, an initially exploded a. ae, as in hat. c, as sh in she. See s. {~LATIN SMALL LETTER OPEN O~}, a medial sh, a sonant-surd c (Dakota letter), as ch i... Cegiha
According to tribal traditions collected by Dorsey, the ancestors of the Omaha, Ponka, Elwapa, Osage, and Kansa were originally one people dwelling on Ohio and Wabash rivers, but gradually working westward. The first separation took place at the m... Dakota Social Customs
Among the eastern Dakota the phratry was never a permanent organization, but it was resorted to on special occasions and for various purposes, such as war or the buffalo hunt. The exponent of the phratry was the tiyotipi or soldiers' lodge, which ... Dakota-asiniboin
The Dakota are mentioned in the Jesuit Relations as early as 1639-40; the tradition is noted that the Ojibwa, on arriving at the Great Lakes in an early migration from the Atlantic coast, encountered representatives of the great confederacy of the... Designation And Mode Of Camping
The Dakota call themselves Otceti cakowin (Oceti sakowin(1)), The Seven Fireplaces or Council-fires. This designation refers to their original gentes, the Mdewakantonwan (Mdewakan-tonwan), Waqpekute (Wahpe-kute), Waqpe-tonwan (Wahpetonwan), Sisito... Extent Of The Stock
Out of some sixty aboriginal stocks or families found in North America above the Tropic of Cancer, about five-sixths were confined to the tenth of the territory bordering Pacific ocean; the remaining nine-tenths of the land was occupied by a few s... General Features Of Organization
In the study of the organization of societies, units of different orders are discovered. Among the tribes of the Siouan family the primary unit is the clan or gens, which is composed of a number of consanguinei, claiming descent from a common ance... Habitat
Excepting the Asiniboin, who are chiefly in Canada, nearly all of the Siouan Indians are now gathered on the reservations indicated on earlier pages, most of these reservations lying within the aboriginal territory of the stock. At the advent o... Hidatsa
There has been much confusion concerning the definition and designation of the Hidatsa Indians. They were formerly known as Minitari or Gros Ventres of the Missouri, in distinction from the Gros Ventres of the plains, who belong to another stock. ... Industrial And Esthetic Arts
Since the arts of primitive people reflect environmental conditions with close fidelity, and since the Siouan Indians were distributed over a vast territory varying in climate, hydrography, geology, fauna, and flora, their industrial and esthetic ... Institutions
Among civilized peoples, institutions are crystallized in statutes about nuclei of common law or custom; among peoples in the prescriptorial culture-stage statutes are unborn, and various mnemonic devices are employed for fixing and perpetuating i... Mandan
The Mandan had a vague tradition of emigration from the eastern part of the country, and Lewis and Clark, Prince Maximilian, and others found traces of Mandan house-structures at various points along the Missouri; thus they appear to have ascended... Organization
The demotic organization of the Siouan peoples, so far as known, is set forth in considerable detail in Mr Dorsey's treatises(52) and in the foregoing enumeration of tribes, confederacies, and other linguistic groups. Like the other aborigines ... Phonetic And Graphic Arts
The Siouan stock is defined by linguistic characters. The several tribes and larger and smaller groups speak dialects so closely related as to imply occasional or habitual association, and hence to indicate community in interests and affinity in d... Somatology
The vigorous avocations of the chase and war were reflected in fine stature, broad and deep chests, strong and clean limbs, and sound constitution among the Siouan tribesmen and their consorts. The skin was of the usual coppery cast characteristic... Some Features Of Indian Sociology
As shown by Powell, there are two fundamentally distinct classes or stages in human society--(1) tribal society and (2) national society. National society characterizes civilization; primarily it is organized on a territorial basis, but as enlight... The Asiniboin
The Asiniboin were originally part of the Wazi-kute gens of the Yanktonai (Ihanktonwanna) Dakota. According to the report of E.T. Denig to Governor I.I. Stevens,(5) the Asiniboin call themselves Dakota, meaning Our people. The Dakota style them Ho... The Biloxi
The tribal organization of this people has disappeared. When the few survivors were visited by the author at Lecompte, Louisiana, in 1892 and 1893, they gave him the names of three of the clans of the Biloxi, descent being reckoned in the female l... The Catawba
Dr A. S. Gatschet, of the Bureau of Ethnology, visited the Catawba tribe prior to March, 1882, when he obtained an extensive vocabulary of the Catawba language, but he did not record any information respecting the social organization of the people... The Crow Or Absaroka
As this tribe belongs to the Hidatsa linguistic substock, it is very probable that the social laws and customs of the one people are identical with those of the other, as there has been nothing to cause extensive differentiation. It is not know... The Development Of Mythology
As explained by Powell, philosophies and beliefs may be seriated in four stages: The first stage is hecastotheism; in this stage extranatural or mysterious potencies are imputed to objects both animate and inanimate. The second stage is zootheism;... The Eastern And Southern Tribes
The history of the Monakan, Oatawba, Sara, Pedee, and Santee, and incidentally that of the Biloxi, has been carefully reviewed in a recent publication by Mooney(54) , and does not require repetition. On reviewing the records of explorers a... The Hidatsa
Our chief authority for the names of the Hidatsa gentes is Morgan's Ancient Society. Dr Washington Matthews could have furnished a corrected list from his own notes had they not unfortunately been destroyed by fire. All that can now be done is to ... The Hotcangara Or Winnebago
The Winnebago call themselves Ho-tcan'-ga-ra', First or parent speech. While they have gentes, they have no camping circle, as their priscan habitat was in a forest region. The following names were obtained from James Alexander, a full-blood of th... The Hunkpapa
The name Hunkpapa (sometimes corrupted into Uncpapa, Oncpapa, etc), should be compared with the Yanktonai name Hunkpatina; both refer to the hunkpa or ends of a tribal circle. A Hunkpapa man in 1880 gave the following as the names of the gentes: 1... The Ihanktonwan Or Yankton
The Yankton and Yanktonai speak the Yankton dialect, which has many words in common with the Teton. In 1878 Walking Elk wrote the names of the Yankton gentes in the following order: 1, Tcan-kute (Can kute), Shoot-in-the-woods; 2, Tcaxu (Cagu), ... The Ihanktonwanna Or Yanktonai
The Yanktonai are divided into the Upper and Lower Yanktonai, the latter being known as the Hunkpatina, Those-camping-at-one-end (or horn)-of-the-tribal-circle. The Upper Yanktonai geutes are as follows: 1, Tcan-ona (Can ona), Shoot-at-trees, o... The Iowa
The Iowa camping circle was divided into two half-circles, occupied by two phratries of four gentes each. The first phratry regulated the hunt and other tribal affairs during the autumn and winter; the second phratry took the lead during the sprin...